Why Your Washing Machine Develops Mould
A damp, dark environment combined with detergent residue and fabric softener creates the ideal breeding ground for mould and mildew. This often manifests as black spots, particularly around the rubber door seal, and can lead to a persistent unpleasant odour that transfers to your clean laundry.
Several factors contribute to mould growth within washing machines. The primary culprits include low-temperature washes, which don't get hot enough to kill bacteria and spores; using too much detergent or fabric softener, leaving residue behind; and not allowing the machine to air out properly between uses. Modern washing machines are often more water-efficient and may not drain completely, leaving pockets of moisture. Even a faulty door seal or a blocked drain filter can trap water, accelerating mould formation. Understanding these causes is the first step in preventing future issues.
If you notice a musty smell emanating from your washing machine, or visible black spots on the drum or seal, it's time to take action. Ignoring these signs can lead to a machine that not only smells bad but also performs less effectively and could potentially damage your clothes over time.
Preparing for the Clean
Gather Your Cleaning Supplies
Before you begin, ensure you have the necessary items to hand. This will make the cleaning process smoother and more effective. You'll need:
- White vinegar (distilled)
- Bicarbonate of soda (baking soda)
- A clean cloth or sponge
- An old toothbrush or small scrubbing brush
- Gloves (to protect your hands)
- A spray bottle (optional, for vinegar solution)
- A bucket or basin
It is advisable to wear gloves throughout the process, as mould spores can be irritating to the skin and respiratory system. Ensure the room is well-ventilated by opening windows if possible, especially when using vinegar.
Initial Checks and Emptying
First, ensure the washing machine is empty of any laundry. Check the detergent dispenser drawer and remove it if possible for separate cleaning. Also, locate and inspect the drain pump filter, usually found behind a small hatch at the bottom front of the machine. Place a shallow tray or old towels underneath before opening, as residual water is likely to escape. Carefully unscrew the filter to remove any debris, hair, or lint that might be trapped, which can also contribute to dampness and smells. Rinse the filter under running water and set it aside to dry.
Inspect the door seal thoroughly before starting. This is the most common area for mould to accumulate. Pay close attention to the folds and crevices where moisture can hide.
Deep Cleaning the Washing Machine
Cleaning the Drum and Seals
To tackle mould within the drum and rubber seal, you'll use a combination of white vinegar and bicarbonate of soda. Start by making a paste of bicarbonate of soda and water. Apply this paste to the mouldy areas on the rubber seal and any visible mould spots inside the drum using your cloth or toothbrush. Let it sit for about 15-20 minutes to help break down the mould.
Next, pour 500ml of white vinegar directly into the detergent dispenser drawer. If your machine has a separate compartment for liquid detergent, use that. Alternatively, you can pour it directly into the drum if preferred.
Running a Hot Wash Cycle
Once the vinegar is in place and the paste has been applied to the seals, run the washing machine on its hottest cycle available. A 90°C or 'hot' wash is ideal for killing mould and bacteria. Let the cycle complete fully. The hot water, combined with the vinegar, will work to dissolve detergent residue, kill mould spores, and deodorise the machine's interior. This hot wash is crucial for reaching areas you cannot manually scrub, such as the internal pipes and the back of the drum.
Manual Scrubbing and Rinsing
After the hot wash cycle has finished, use your damp cloth and toothbrush to thoroughly scrub the rubber door seal, paying special attention to any remaining mould or discolouration in the folds. Wipe down the inside of the drum and the glass door. For stubborn spots, you might need to reapply the bicarbonate of soda paste or a diluted vinegar solution (50/50 vinegar and water in a spray bottle). Rinse the seal and drum thoroughly with clean water. Ensure you wipe away all residue from cleaning agents.
Cleaning the Detergent Drawer
While the machine is running its hot cycle, clean the detergent drawer. Remove it completely and soak it in a sink filled with hot water and a capful of white vinegar. Use the toothbrush to scrub away any mould, detergent build-up, or slime. Rinse it thoroughly and ensure it is completely dry before reinserting it into the machine.
Drying and Deodorising
Thorough Drying
After cleaning, it's vital to ensure the washing machine is completely dry. Leave the washing machine door and the detergent dispenser drawer ajar. This allows air to circulate and prevents new moisture from forming, which could encourage mould growth. You can leave it open for several hours, or overnight if possible. A dry interior is your best defence against recurring mould issues.
A Second Hot Cycle with Bicarbonate of Soda
For an extra boost of deodorising power and to remove any lingering smells, run another hot wash cycle (90°C). This time, however, sprinkle about half a cup of bicarbonate of soda directly into the drum. Bicarbonate of soda is an excellent natural deodoriser and will help absorb any remaining odours. This second cycle ensures the machine is not only clean but also fresh-smelling.
A consistently dry machine is the most effective defence against mould, making regular airing out as important as cleaning itself.
Once this cycle is complete, give the interior one final wipe-down with a clean, dry cloth. Make sure to dry the rubber seal meticulously. If the musty smell persists, you may need to repeat the cleaning process or consider a specialist washing machine cleaner, though vinegar and bicarbonate of soda are usually sufficient for most mould problems.
Verification and Ongoing Maintenance
Checking Your Work
After completing the cleaning process, open the washing machine door and thoroughly inspect the drum, door seal, and any accessible internal parts. You should see a significant reduction or complete absence of black mould spots. Smell the interior of the drum and around the door; any lingering musty odour should be gone. If traces of mould remain, or the smell persists strongly, you may need to repeat the cleaning process, paying extra attention to any missed spots or folds.
Preventing Future Mould Growth
Prevention is key to keeping your washing machine mould-free. Implementing a few simple habits can make a world of difference:
- Leave the door open: Always leave the washing machine door ajar between washes to allow air circulation and let moisture evaporate.
- Dry the seal: After each wash, take a moment to wipe the rubber door seal dry with a clean cloth. This removes residual water that mould loves.
- Use hot washes regularly: Aim to run at least one hot wash cycle (60°C or 90°C) per week, even if you usually wash at lower temperatures. This helps to kill bacteria and prevent build-up.
- Don't overdo detergent: Use the recommended amount of detergent. Too much can leave residue that feeds mould. Consider using less or a non-biological detergent for low-temperature washes.
- Clean the dispenser drawer: Rinse or wipe down the detergent drawer regularly, ideally weekly, to prevent build-up.
- Check the filter: Clean the drain pump filter every few months to ensure water drains effectively.
By incorporating these practices into your routine, you can significantly reduce the chances of mould returning and ensure your washing machine remains hygienic and odour-free. Regular, simple maintenance is far more effective than infrequent deep cleans.
Troubleshooting Persistent Mould and Smells
When Mould Keeps Coming Back
If, despite regular cleaning and preventative measures, mould continues to be a persistent problem, there might be an underlying issue. Check the machine's installation; ensure it is level and that the drain hose is correctly positioned to allow for efficient water drainage. Blockages deep within the machine's plumbing, beyond the accessible filter, could also be the cause. For integrated washing machines, ensure there is adequate ventilation around the appliance, as poor airflow can trap moisture.
Assessing Deeper Blockages
A persistent blockage can prevent the machine from draining fully, leaving water trapped in the drum or pipework, which is a breeding ground for mould. If you suspect a deeper blockage but are not comfortable disassembling parts of the machine, it is best to consult a qualified appliance repair technician. They have the tools and expertise to safely clear internal blockages and diagnose any mechanical faults.
Consult your washing machine's manual for specific cleaning instructions or advice on common problems for your model. It might also detail how to access internal components safely if you are technically inclined.
Alternative Cleaning Agents
While vinegar and bicarbonate of soda are highly effective and environmentally friendly, some people opt for commercial washing machine cleaning products. If you choose to use one, follow the manufacturer's instructions precisely. These products often contain stronger chemicals designed to break down mould and limescale more aggressively. Always ensure good ventilation when using such products.
When to Call a Professional
If you've tried all the above steps, including repeating the deep clean, and the mould or smell persists, it might be time to seek professional help. There could be a component failure or a more complex issue that requires expert diagnosis. A technician can identify specific problems such as a faulty heating element that isn't reaching the correct temperature, a damaged seal that cannot be effectively cleaned, or internal pipework blockages that are beyond DIY reach.
For specific model advice, such as for a Hisense washing machine, Logik washing machine, or Whirlpool washing machine, check the manufacturer’s support pages online. They often provide model-specific troubleshooting guides. While a portable washing machine or a washing machine dryer washer might have slightly different access points, the core cleaning principles of hot water, vinegar, and good ventilation remain consistent across most appliance types.